行車制動器在行駛的過程中制動原理講解

　　輪式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器經常的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)就(jiu)是在(zai)(zai)行(xing)駛中(zhong)減(jian)速(su)乃至(zhi)停車(che)，為(wei)使制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器能在(zai)(zai)短(duan)的(de)(de)(de)距離中(zhong)將制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)住(zhu)，要求地面對(dui)車(che)輪有(you)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過程中(zhong)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器的(de)(de)(de)摩擦表面相(xiang)(xiang)互貼緊并(bing)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)滑磨，從而把的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能轉變(bian)為(wei)滑磨功，再(zai)變(bian)為(wei)熱量。隨著(zhu)踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)往(wang)下運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)力(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)矩和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)也(ye)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)。但當制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)到等于(yu)車(che)輪的(de)(de)(de)附著(zhu)力(li)(li)以后，不論踏(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)力(li)(li)如何(he)增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)，也(ye)只能將制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器抱死而不能使制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)再(zai)有(you)所增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)。制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)受限(xian)于(yu)附著(zhu)力(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)硬(ying)路上(shang)行(xing)駛時，附著(zhu)力(li)(li)就(jiu)是車(che)輪與地面間的(de)(de)(de)摩擦力(li)(li)。

　　由于在使用中往往采用將制動器抱死，觀察輪胎在地面上拖印的辦法來判斷行車制動器工作是(shi)否正常，有些人就(jiu)誤以(yi)為(wei)將制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)抱死可以(yi)產生的制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。實際上，當制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)抱死時(shi)，輪(lun)胎在(zai)地(di)面上滑移(yi)，地(di)面的附(fu)著系(xi)數(shu)將由(you)靜摩(mo)(mo)擦系(xi)數(shu)變為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦系(xi)數(shu)，數(shu)值有所減少(shao)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力將比(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滑移(yi)時(shi)減少(shao)5%-25%，并(bing)會造成輪(lun)胎嚴重磨損，這顯(xian)然是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)利的，因(yin)此為(wei)了獲得制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，不(bu)(bu)(bu)應將制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)抱死，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)的合(he)理力矩(ju)應該使(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力F，略(lve)小于開始滑移(yi)的附(fu)著力，以(yi)便使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能消(xiao)耗在(zai)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)中而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)消(xiao)耗在(zai)輪(lun)胎表面上。

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