功用

　　使行(xing)駛(shi)中的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)減速甚(shen)至停(ting)車(che)(che)(che)，使下坡(po)行(xing)駛(shi)的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)速度保持穩定，以及使已停(ting)駛(shi)的(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)保持不動，這(zhe)些作用統稱為(wei)制(zhi)動;汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)上裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設的(de)(de)一系列(lie)專(zhuan)門裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，以便駕駛(shi)員能根據道路(lu)和(he)交通(tong)等情況，借以使外界(主要(yao)是路(lu)面)在汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)某些部分(fen)(主要(yao)是車(che)(che)(che)輪)施加一定的(de)(de)力，對汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)一定程度的(de)(de)制(zhi)動，這(zhe)種(zhong)可(ke)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)對汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)制(zhi)動的(de)(de)外力稱為(wei)制(zhi)動力;這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)一系列(lie)專(zhuan)門裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)即稱為(wei)制(zhi)動系。

　　這種用以使(shi)(shi)行(xing)駛中的(de)汽車(che)(che)減速甚至停車(che)(che)的(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)稱為行(xing)車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi);用以使(shi)(shi)已停駛的(de)汽車(che)(che)駐留原地不動(dong)(dong)的(de)裝置(zhi)，稱為駐車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)。這兩個制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)是(shi)每輛汽車(che)(che)必須(xu)具備的(de)。

　　組成部分

　　任何制動(dong)系(xi)都具有(you)以下四個基(ji)本組成部分：

　　1) 供(gong)能(neng)裝置，包括供(gong)給、調節制(zhi)動所需(xu)能(neng)量(liang)以及改善傳能(neng)介質狀態的(de)各種部件。

　　2) 控制(zhi)裝置，包括產生制(zhi)動(dong)動(dong)作和控制(zhi)制(zhi)動(dong)效果(guo)的(de)各種部件(jian)。

　　3) 傳動裝置，包括將制(zhi)動能(neng)量傳輸到(dao)制(zhi)動器的(de)各個(ge)部(bu)件

　　4) 制(zhi)動器，產生(sheng)阻礙車(che)輛的運(yun)(yun)動或運(yun)(yun)動趨勢的力(制(zhi)動力)的部(bu)件(jian)，其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)括輔助(zhu)制(zhi)動系中(zhong)的緩速裝置。

　　分類

　　按(an)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能源(yuan)來分類，行(xing)車制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)，以(yi)駕(jia)駛員(yuan)的(de)肌體(ti)作為(wei)(wei)***制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能源(yuan)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)稱為(wei)(wei)人力(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi);完全靠(kao)由發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)轉化而成的(de)氣壓(ya)或液(ye)壓(ya)形式(shi)的(de)勢能進行(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)則是動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)，其(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)是發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)空氣壓(ya)縮機(ji)或油泵;兼用(yong)人力(li)(li)和發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)進行(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)稱為(wei)(wei)伺服制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)。

　　駐車制動系(xi)可以是人力式或動力式。專(zhuan)門用于(yu)掛車的還有慣性(xing)制動系(xi)和(he)重力制動系(xi)。

　　按照制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)能量的傳(chuan)輸方式(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系可(ke)分為機械式(shi)、液壓式(shi)、氣壓式(shi)和電磁式(shi)等。同(tong)時采用兩種以上傳(chuan)能方式(shi)的制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系可(ke)稱為組合(he)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)系。

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